Introduction
Following the immensely successful first-generation Cyclone® device family, Altera® Cyclone II FPGAs extend the low-cost FPGA density range to 68,416 logic elements (LEs) and provide up to 622 usable I/O pins and up to 1.1 Mbits of embedded memory. Cyclone II FPGAs are manufactured on 300-mm wafers using TSMCs 90-nm low-k dielectric process to ensure rapid availability and low cost.

FEATUREs The Cyclone II device family offers the following features:
■ High-density architecture with 4,608 to 68,416 LEs
    ● M4K embedded memory blocks
    ● Up to 1.1 Mbits of RAM available without reducing available logic
    ● 4,096 memory bits per block (4,608 bits per block including 512 parity bits)
    ● Variable port configurations of ×1, ×2, ×4, ×8, ×9, ×16, ×18, ×32, and ×36
    ● True dual-port (one read and one write, two reads, or two writes) operation for ×1, ×2, ×4, ×8, ×9, ×16, and ×18 modes
    ● Byte enables for data input masking during writes
    ● Up to 260-MHz operation
■ Embedded multipliers
    ● Up to 150 18- × 18-bit multipliers are each configurable as two independent 9- × 9-bit multipliers with up to 250-MHz performance
    ● Optional input and output registers
■ Advanced I/O support
    ● High-speed differential I/O standard support, including LVDS, RSDS, mini-LVDS, LVPECL, differential HSTL, and differential SSTL
    ● Single-ended I/O standard support, including 2.5-V and 1.8-V, SSTL class I and II, 1.8-V and 1.5-V HSTL class I and II, 3.3-V PCI and PCI-X 1.0, 3.3-, 2.5-, 1.8-, and 1.5-V LVCMOS, and 3.3-, 2.5-, and 1.8-V LVTTL
    ● Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group (PCI SIG) PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision 3.0 compliance for 3.3-V operation at 33 or 66 MHz for 32- or 64-bit interfaces
    ● PCI Express with an external TI PHY and an Altera PCI Express ×1 Megacore® function
    ● 133-MHz PCI-X 1.0 specification compatibility
    ● High-speed external memory support, including DDR, DDR2, and SDR SDRAM, and QDRII SRAM supported by drop in Altera IP MegaCore functions for ease of use
    ● Three dedicated registers per I/O element (IOE): one input register, one output register, and one output-enable register
    ● Programmable bus-hold feature
    ● Programmable output drive strength feature
    ● Programmable delays from the pin to the IOE or logic array
    ● I/O bank grouping for unique VCCIO and/or VREF bank settings
    ● MultiVolt™ I/O standard support for 1.5-, 1.8-, 2.5-, and 3.3-interfaces
    ● Hot-socketing operation support
    ● Tri-state with weak pull-up on I/O pins before and during configuration
    ● Programmable open-drain outputs
    ● Series on-chip termination support
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