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74017

On the Direct Conversion Receiver

Skyworks Solutions 

CX74017

On the Direct Conversion Receiver

Figure 14 and Figure 15 sketch how this affects a given

constellation diagram. In DCR systems however, the IQ

matching is not as critical as in image-rejection architectures.

Rather, it is only important insofar as the accuracy of the

modulation is concerned.

Analog and digital (DSP based) calibration and adaptation

methods have been described so as to correct for these

imbalances, for example in [15].

gain

Q

imbalance

ideal

constellation

I

101735A 14_071801

Figure 14. IQ Demodulator Imperfections (Gain Imbalance)

Q

phase

imbalance

I

101735A 15_071801

Figure 15. IQ Demodulator Imperfections (Phase Imbalance)

Conclusion

The direct conversion receiver is an attractive yet challenging

receiving technique. It has recently been applied successfully to

devices such as pagers, mobile phones, PC and internet

wireless connectivity cards, satellite receivers etc. in a variety of

process technologies and increasing integration levels. It is

poised to appear in many more applications in the near future.

References

[1] L. Lessing, “Man of High Fidelity: Edwin Howard

Armstrong, a Biography”, Bantam Books, New York,

1969.

[2] F.M. Colebrook, “Homodyne”, Wireless World and Radio

Rev., 13, p. 774, 1924.

[3] D.G. Tucker, “The Synchrodyne”, Electronic Engng, 19, p.

75-76, March 1947.

[4] D.G. Tucker, “The History of the Homodyne and the

Synchrodyne”, Journal of the British Institution of Radio

Engineers, April 1954.

[5] A.A. Abidi, “Direct-Conversion Radio transceivers for

Digital Communications”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State

Circuits, vol. 30, no. 12, December 1995.

[6] B. Razavi, “Design Considerations for Direct-Conversion

Receivers”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II:

Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol. 44, no. 6, June

1997.

[7] S.J. Franke, “ECE 353 – Radio Communication Circuits”,

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,

University of Illinois, Urbana, 1994.

[8] B. Razavi, “RF Microelectronics”, Prentice Hall, Upper

Saddle River, NJ, 1998.

[9] J.C. Rudell et al., “Recent Developments in High

Integration Multi-Standard CMOS Transceivers for

Personal Communication Systems”, International

Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 1998.

[10] J.C. Rudell, “Issues in RFIC Design”, lecture notes,

University of California Berkeley/National Technological

University, 1997.

[11] R. Hartley, “Single-Sideband Modulator”, U.S. Patent no.

1666206, April 1928.

[12] D.K. Weaver, “A Third Method of Generation and

Detection of Single Sideband Signals”, Proceedings of the

IRE, vol. 44, p. 1703-1705, December 1956.

[13] I.A.W. Vance, “Fully Integrated Radio Paging Receiver”,

IEE Proc., vol. 129, no. 1, p. 2-6, 1982.

[14] P.R. Gray, R.G. Meyer, “Analysis and Design of Analog

Integrated Circuits”, Third edition, John Wiley & Sons,

New York, 1993.

[15] J.K. Cavers, M. W. Liao, “Adaptive Compensation for

Imbalance and Offset Losses in Direct Conversion

Transceivers”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular

Technology, vol. 42, p. 581-588, November 1993.

8

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101735A

Preliminary Data Subject to Change

July 20, 2001

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